|
Credit Classification |
Jurisdiction |
Available |
Withdrawn |
Released |
Potential |
Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Wetlands | ||||||
|
Sedge Meadow |
Federal |
9.69 |
0 |
9.69 |
48.03 |
20.2% |
|
Wooded Swamp (Hardwood Swamp or Coniferous Swamp) |
Federal |
1.45 |
0 |
1.45 |
7.12 |
20.4% |
Sedge Meadow
Sedge Meadow
Sedge meadows are dominated by sedges (Cyperaceae) growing on saturated soils. Most of the sedges are in the genus Carex, others includeEleocharis (spike-rush), Scirpus (bulrush), and Cyperus (nut-grass). Grasses (Gramineae), especially Canada bluejoint grass, and true rushes (Juncus), may also be present. Forbs are diverse but scattered, and may flower poorly under intense competition with the sedges.
The sedges of the genus Carex are mostly long-lived and competitive grass-like plants that have three-ranked leaves and triangular, solid stems. These traits are also shared with some species of Scirpus and other genera of the sedge family. This is opposed to the two-ranked leaves and cylindrical, hollow stems of grasses, or the apparently “leafless,” cylindrical, solid stems of rushes (Juncus). The diagnostic character of Carex that distinguishes them from all other plants is the perigynium, a papery flask or sac-like structure that encloses the pistil, which at maturity develops into a nutlet. Mature perigynia are usually required for positive identification of the species.
Vegetation: is described at: Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of Minnesota and Wisconsin
Soils: Clyde silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls), a poorly-drained mineral soil found in shallow depressions and drainageways on till plains. Landscape position of the example shown above is a depressional area in a gently rolling till plain.
Hydrology: This sedge meadow is supported by groundwater and surface water runoff.
Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 39 (Shaw and Fredine 1971) : Type 2: Inland fresh meadow.
Wisconsin Department of Transportation Classification : Wet Meadow (M), Riparian Wetland Emergent (RPE).
Related HGM Type: Depressional
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Cowardin Classification: Palustrine, N/A
Assessment Method: Ratio
Wooded Swamp
Wooded Swamp (Hardwood Swamp or Coniferous Swamp)
Hardwood swamps are dominated by deciduous hardwood trees and have soils that are saturated during much of the growing season, and may be inundated by close to a foot of standing water (Shaw and Fredine 1971). Dominant trees include black ash, red maple, and yellow birch. The shrub layer is often composed of shrub-size individuals of the dominant tree species, as well as the dogwoods and alder species of shrub swamps. Groundlayer species include some of the ferns, sedges, grasses and forbs of sedge meadows and fresh (wet) meadows. Refer to the species listed under those communities. Coniferous swamps are forested wetlands dominated by lowland conifers, primarily northern white cedar and tamarack, growing on soils that are saturated during much of the growing season, and that may be temporarily inundated by as much as a foot of standing water. A continuous sphagnum moss mat is not present.
Vegetation: is described at: Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of Minnesota and Wisconsin – Hardwood Swamp and at: Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of Minnesota and Wisconsin – Coniferous Swamp
Soils:Lupton muck (Typic Borosaprists), a very poorly-drained soil with an organic layer greater than 51 inches in depth (and can be many feet in depth). Landscape position is an ancient lakebed in the nearly level, sandy outwash of the Anoka Sandplain.
Hydrology: Lupton muck is typically saturated to the surface. During September through May, the seasonal high water table can vary from 12 inches of standing water to a water table 12 inches below the surface.
Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 39 (Shaw and Fredine 1971) : Type 7: Wooded swamp.
Wisconsin Department of Transportation : Wooded swamp (WS) (Forested Wetland).
Related HGM Type: Depressional
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Cowardin Classification: Palustrine, N/A
Assessment Method: Ratio
Northwestern Lake Michigan Service Area
